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# Debian Network Reinstall Script |
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[中文说明 ↓](#中文说明) |
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## Introduction |
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This script is written to reinstall VPS/VMs to minimal Debian. |
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## Platforms |
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- ✔ KVM or physical machines ❌ Containers |
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- ✔ Debian or Ubuntu or Red Hat Linux as original OS with GRUB 2 bootloader |
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- ✔ MBR or GPT partition table |
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- ✔ Multiple disks or LVM |
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- ✔ IPv4 or IPv6 |
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- ✔ Legacy BIOS or UEFI boot |
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- ✔ Most VPS or cloud providers |
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- ⚠️ Google Compute Engine - **MUST** manually specify IP/CIDR and gateway of VPC |
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- ⚠️ AWS EC2 or Lightsail - Does **NOT** work with UEFI boot |
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## How It Works |
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1. Generate a preseed file to automate installation |
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2. Download the 'Debian-Installer' to the `/boot` directory |
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3. Append a menu entry of the installer to the GRUB2 configuration file |
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## Usage |
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### 1. Download |
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Download the script with curl: |
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curl -fLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bohanyang/debi/master/debi.sh |
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# for IPv6-only machines |
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curl -fLO --resolve 'raw.githubusercontent.com:443:2a04:4e42::133' https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bohanyang/debi/master/debi.sh |
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or wget: |
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wget -O debi.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bohanyang/debi/master/debi.sh |
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### 2. Run |
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Run the script under root or using sudo: |
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chmod a+rx debi.sh |
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sudo ./debi.sh |
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By default, an admin user `debian` with sudo privilege will be created during the installation. Use `--user root` if you prefer. |
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### 3. Reboot |
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If everything looks good, reboot the machine: |
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sudo shutdown -r now |
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Otherwise, you can run this command to revert all changes made by the script: |
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sudo rm -rf debi.sh /etc/default/grub.d/zz-debi.cfg /boot/debian-* && { sudo update-grub || sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg; } |
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## Available Options |
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### Presets |
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| Region | Alias | Mirror | DNS | NTP | |
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|--------|----------------|--------------------------------------|------------|---------------------| |
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| Global | Default | https://deb.debian.org | Google | time.google.com | |
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| Global | `--cloudflare` | https://deb.debian.org | Cloudflare | time.cloudflare.com | |
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| Global | `--aws` | https://cdn-aws.deb.debian.org | Google | time.aws.com | |
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| China | `--ustc` | https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn | DNSPod | time.amazonaws.cn | |
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| China | `--tuna` | https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn | DNSPod | time.amazonaws.cn | |
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| China | `--aliyun` | https://mirrors.aliyun.com | AliDNS | time.amazonaws.cn | |
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* `--interface <string>` Manually select a network interface, e.g. eth1 |
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* `--ethx` Disable *Consistent Network Device Naming* to get interface names like *ethX* back |
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* `--ip <string>` Disable the auto network config (DHCP) and configure a static IP address, e.g. `10.0.0.2`, `1.2.3.4/24`, `2001:2345:6789:abcd::ef/48` |
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* `--netmask <string>` e.g. `255.255.255.0`, `ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::` |
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* `--gateway <string>` e.g. `10.0.0.1`, `none` if no gateway |
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* `--dns '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4'` |
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* `--dns6 '2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844'` (effective only if IPv6 is specified) |
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* `--hostname <string>` FQDN hostname (includes the domain name), e.g. `server1.example.com` |
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* `--network-console` Enable the network console of the installer. `ssh installer@ip` to connect |
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* `--version 12` Supports: `10`, `11`, `12`, `13` |
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* `--suite bullseye` **Please use `--version` instead if you don't have special needs.** e.g. `stable`, `testing`, `sid` |
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* `--release-d-i` d-i (Debian Installer) for the released versions: 12 (bookworm), 11 (bullseye) and 10 (buster) |
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* `--daily-d-i` Use latest daily build of d-i (Debian Installer) for the unreleased version: 13 (trixie), sid (unstable) |
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* `--mirror-protocol http` or `https` or `ftp` |
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* `--https` alias to `--mirror-protocol https` |
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* `--reuse-proxy` Reuse the value of `http(s)_proxy` environment variable as the mirror proxy |
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* `--proxy, --mirror-proxy` Set an HTTP proxy for APT and downloads |
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* `--mirror-host deb.debian.org` |
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* `--mirror-directory /debian` |
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* `--security-repository http://security.debian.org/debian-security` Magic value: `'mirror' = <mirror-protocol>://<mirror-host>/<mirror-directory>/../debian-security` |
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* `--no-account-setup, --no-user` **(Manual installation)** Proceed account setup manually in VNC or remote console. |
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* `--username, --user debian` New user with `sudo` privilege or `root` |
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* `--password <string>` Password of the new user. **You'll be prompted if you choose to not specify it here** |
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* `--authorized-keys-url <string>` URL to your authorized keys for SSH authentication. e.g. `https://github.com/torvalds.keys` |
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* `--sudo-with-password` Require password when the user invokes `sudo` command |
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* `--timezone UTC` e.g. `Asia/Shanghai` for China (UTC+8) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List |
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* `--ntp time.google.com` |
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* `--no-disk-partitioning, --no-part` **(Manual installation)** Proceed disk partitioning manually in VNC or remote console |
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* `--disk <string>` Manually select a disk for installation. **Please remember to specify this when more than one disk is available!** e.g. `/dev/sda` |
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* `--no-force-gpt` By default, GPT rather than MBR partition table will be created. This option disables it. |
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* `--bios` Don't create *EFI system partition*. If GPT is being used, create a *BIOS boot partition* (`bios_grub` partition). Default if `/sys/firmware/efi` is absent. [See](https://askubuntu.com/a/501360) |
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* `--efi` Create an *EFI system partition*. Default if `/sys/firmware/efi` exists |
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* `--esp 106` Size of the *EFI system partition*. e.g. `106`, `538` and `1075` result to 100 MiB, 512 MiB, 1 GiB respectively |
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* `--filesystem ext4` |
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* `--kernel <string>` Choose an package for the kernel image |
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* `--cloud-kernel` Choose `linux-image-cloud-amd64` or `...arm64` as the kernel image |
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* `--bpo-kernel` Choose the kernel image from Debian Backports (newer version from the next Debian release) |
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* `--no-install-recommends` |
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* `--apt-non-free-firmware`, `--apt-non-free`, `--apt-contrib`, `--apt-src`, `--apt-backports` |
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* `--no-apt-non-free-firmware`, `--no-apt-non-free`, `--no-apt-contrib`, `--no-apt-src`, `--no-apt-backports` |
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* `--install 'ca-certificates libpam-systemd'` Install additional APT packages. Space-separated and quoted. |
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* `--safe-upgrade` **(Default)** `apt upgrade --with-new-pkgs`. [See](https://salsa.debian.org/installer-team/pkgsel/-/blob/master/debian/postinst) |
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* `--full-upgrade` `apt dist-upgrade` |
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* `--no-upgrade` |
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* `--bbr` Enable TCP BBR congestion control |
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* `--ssh-port <integer>` SSH port |
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* `--hold` Don't reboot or power off after installation |
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* `--power-off` Power off after installation rather than reboot |
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* `--architecture <string>` e.g. `amd64`, `i386`, `arm64`, `armhf`, etc. |
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* `--firmware` Load additional [non-free firmwares](https://wiki.debian.org/Firmware#Firmware_during_the_installation) |
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* `--no-force-efi-extra-removable` [See](https://wiki.debian.org/UEFI#Force_grub-efi_installation_to_the_removable_media_path) |
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* `--grub-timeout 5` How many seconds the GRUB menu shows before entering the installer |
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* `--force-lowmem <integer>` Valid values: 0, 1, 2. Force [low memory level](https://salsa.debian.org/installer-team/lowmem). Useful if your machine has memory less than 500M where level 2 is set (see issue #45). `--force-lowmem 1` may solve it. |
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* `--dry-run` Print generated preseed and GRUB entry without downloading the installer and actually saving them |
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* `--cidata ./cidata-example` Custom data for cloud-init. **VM provider's data source will be IGNORED.** See example. |
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## 中文说明 |
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下载脚本： |
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``` |
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curl -fLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bohanyang/debi/master/debi.sh && chmod a+rx debi.sh |
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``` |
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运行脚本： |
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``` |
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sudo ./debi.sh --cdn --network-console --ethx --bbr --user root --password <新系统用户密码> |
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``` |
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* `--bbr` 开启 BBR |
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* `--ethx` 网卡名称使用传统形式，如 `eth0` 而不是 `ens3` |
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* `--cloud-kernel` 安装占用空间较小的 `cloud` 内核，但可能会导致 UEFI 启动的机器（如 Oracle、Azure 及 Hyper-V、Google Cloud 等）VNC 黑屏。BIOS 启动的普通 VPS 则没有此问题。 |
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* 默认时区为 UTC，添加 `--timezone Asia/Shanghai` 可使用中国时区。 |
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* 默认使用 Debian 官方 CDN 镜像源（deb.debian.org），添加 `--ustc` 可使用中科大镜像源。 |
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如果没有报错可以重启： |
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``` |
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sudo shutdown -r now |
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``` |
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约 30 秒后可以尝试 SSH 登录 `installer` 用户，密码与之前设置的相同。如果成功连接，可以按 Ctrl-A 然后再按 4 监控安装日志。安装完成后会自动重启进入新系统。
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