|
|
|
|
@ -1,154 +1,323 @@ |
|
|
|
|
# Debian Network Reinstall Script |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[中文说明 ↓](#中文说明) |
|
|
|
|
- <span lang="zh-CN">[中文版在这里](./README.zh-CN.md)</span> |
|
|
|
|
- <span lang="ja-JP">[日本語はこちら](./README.ja-JP.md)</span> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Introduction |
|
|
|
|
## What is this? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This script is written to reinstall VPS/VMs to minimal Debian. |
|
|
|
|
A script that reinstalls any VPS or physical machine to minimal Debian via network boot. Works by injecting the Debian installer into GRUB and automatically configuring the installation process. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Platforms |
|
|
|
|
**Perfect for:** |
|
|
|
|
- Converting Oracle Cloud's Ubuntu images to Debian |
|
|
|
|
- Removing cloud provider surveillance agents |
|
|
|
|
- Creating minimal, clean Debian environments |
|
|
|
|
- Automating installations with preseed/cloud-init |
|
|
|
|
- Rescuing broken systems |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- ✔ KVM or physical machines ❌ Containers |
|
|
|
|
- ✔ Debian or Ubuntu or Red Hat Linux as original OS with GRUB 2 bootloader |
|
|
|
|
- ✔ MBR or GPT partition table |
|
|
|
|
- ✔ Multiple disks or LVM |
|
|
|
|
- ✔ IPv4 or IPv6 |
|
|
|
|
- ✔ Legacy BIOS or UEFI boot |
|
|
|
|
- ✔ Most VPS or cloud providers |
|
|
|
|
- ⚠️ Google Compute Engine - **MUST** manually specify IP/CIDR and gateway of VPC |
|
|
|
|
- ⚠️ AWS EC2 or Lightsail - Does **NOT** work with UEFI boot |
|
|
|
|
## Quick Start |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## How It Works |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
# Download the script |
|
|
|
|
curl -fLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bohanyang/debi/master/debi.sh |
|
|
|
|
chmod +x debi.sh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Generate a preseed file to automate installation |
|
|
|
|
2. Download the 'Debian-Installer' to the `/boot` directory |
|
|
|
|
3. Append a menu entry of the installer to the GRUB2 configuration file |
|
|
|
|
# Basic installation (creates user 'debian' with sudo access) |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Usage |
|
|
|
|
# Or install as root user instead |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --user root |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 1. Download |
|
|
|
|
# Reboot when ready |
|
|
|
|
sudo reboot |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Download the script with curl: |
|
|
|
|
**Default settings:** Debian 12 (bookworm), DHCP networking, user `debian` with sudo access, you'll be prompted for password. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Platform Support |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Platform | Status | Notes | |
|
|
|
|
|----------|---------|-------| |
|
|
|
|
| ✅ **KVM/Physical** | Full support | All features work | |
|
|
|
|
| ✅ **Most VPS** | Full support | DigitalOcean, Vultr, Linode, etc. | |
|
|
|
|
| ⚠️ **Google Cloud** | Requires manual network | Must use `--ip`, `--gateway` (DHCP broken) | |
|
|
|
|
| ⚠️ **AWS EC2** | BIOS only | UEFI boot not yet supported | |
|
|
|
|
| ❌ **Containers** | Not supported | Requires GRUB bootloader | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Requirements:** |
|
|
|
|
- KVM or physical machine (not containers) |
|
|
|
|
- GRUB 2 bootloader |
|
|
|
|
- Root access |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Regional Presets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Preset | Mirror | DNS | NTP | Best for | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-----|-----|----------| |
|
|
|
|
| *Default* | deb.debian.org | Google DNS | time.google.com | Global | |
|
|
|
|
| `--cloudflare` | deb.debian.org | Cloudflare | time.cloudflare.com | Global (privacy) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--aws` | cdn-aws.deb.debian.org | Google DNS | time.aws.com | AWS instances | |
|
|
|
|
| `--aliyun` | mirrors.aliyun.com | AliDNS | time.amazonaws.cn | China | |
|
|
|
|
| `--ustc` | mirrors.ustc.edu.cn | DNSPod | time.amazonaws.cn | China | |
|
|
|
|
| `--tuna` | mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn | DNSPod | time.amazonaws.cn | China | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Complete Options Reference |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### System & User Configuration |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--version 12` | `12` | Debian version: `10`, `11`, `12`, `13` | |
|
|
|
|
| `--suite bookworm` | `bookworm` | Debian suite: `stable`, `testing`, `sid`, etc. | |
|
|
|
|
| `--user debian` | `debian` | Username (use `root` for root-only) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--password PASSWORD` | *prompt* | User password (prompted if not specified) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--authorized-keys-url URL` | *password auth* | SSH keys from URL (e.g., `https://github.com/user.keys`) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-account-setup` | *create user* | Skip user creation (manual setup via console) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--sudo-with-password` | *no password* | Require password for sudo commands | |
|
|
|
|
| `--timezone UTC` | `UTC` | System timezone (e.g., `Asia/Shanghai`) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--hostname NAME` | *current* | System hostname | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Network Configuration |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--interface auto` | `auto` | Network interface (e.g., `eth0`, `eth1`) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--ip ADDRESS` | *DHCP* | Static IP: `10.0.0.100`, `1.2.3.4/24`, `2001:db8::1/64` | |
|
|
|
|
| `--static-ipv4` | *DHCP* | Use current IPv4 settings automatically | |
|
|
|
|
| `--netmask MASK` | *auto* | Network mask: `255.255.255.0`, `ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::` | |
|
|
|
|
| `--gateway ADDRESS` | *auto* | Gateway IP (use `none` for no gateway) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--dns '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4'` | `1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1` | DNS servers for IPv4 | |
|
|
|
|
| `--dns6 '2001:4860:4860::8888'` | `2606:4700:4700::1111` | DNS servers for IPv6 | |
|
|
|
|
| `--ethx` | *consistent naming* | Use `eth0`/`eth1` instead of `enp0s3` style | |
|
|
|
|
| `--ntp time.google.com` | `time.google.com` | NTP server | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Network Console (Remote Installation) |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--network-console` | *disabled* | Enable SSH access during installation | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Network Console Usage:** |
|
|
|
|
1. Enable with `--network-console` and reboot |
|
|
|
|
2. Wait 2-3 minutes for Debian installer to load components |
|
|
|
|
3. SSH to your server: `ssh installer@YOUR_IP` |
|
|
|
|
4. Use multiple terminals: |
|
|
|
|
- **Alt+F1**: Main installer interface |
|
|
|
|
- **Alt+F2**: Shell access |
|
|
|
|
- **Alt+F3**: Additional shell |
|
|
|
|
- **Alt+F4**: System logs (monitor automated installation progress) |
|
|
|
|
- Navigate with Alt+Left/Alt+Right |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!IMPORTANT] |
|
|
|
|
> If `--authorized-keys-url` is used, SSH password authentication is disabled (SSH keys required), **but you still need to set a user password for VNC console and sudo access.** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Storage & Partitioning |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--disk /dev/sda` | *auto-detect* | Target disk (**required** if multiple disks) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-disk-partitioning` | *auto partition* | Manual partitioning via console | |
|
|
|
|
| `--filesystem ext4` | `ext4` | Root filesystem type | |
|
|
|
|
| `--force-gpt` | *enabled* | Create GPT partition table | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-force-gpt` | *use GPT* | Use MBR partition table instead | |
|
|
|
|
| `--bios` | *auto-detect* | Force BIOS boot (creates BIOS boot partition) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--efi` | *auto-detect* | Force EFI boot (creates EFI system partition) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--esp 106` | `106` | EFI system partition size (106=100MB, 538=512MB, 1075=1GB) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Mirror & Repository Configuration |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--mirror-protocol https` | `https` | Mirror protocol: `http`, `https`, `ftp` | |
|
|
|
|
| `--https` | *enabled* | Alias for `--mirror-protocol https` | |
|
|
|
|
| `--mirror-host deb.debian.org` | `deb.debian.org` | Mirror hostname | |
|
|
|
|
| `--mirror-directory /debian` | `/debian` | Mirror directory path | |
|
|
|
|
| `--mirror-proxy URL` | *none* | HTTP proxy for downloads and APT | |
|
|
|
|
| `--reuse-proxy` | *none* | Use existing `http_proxy` environment variable | |
|
|
|
|
| `--security-repository URL` | *auto* | Security updates repo (use `mirror` for main mirror) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### APT Repository Components |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--apt-non-free-firmware` | *enabled* | Include non-free firmware (Debian 12+) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--apt-non-free` | *disabled* | Enable non-free repository | |
|
|
|
|
| `--apt-contrib` | *disabled* | Enable contrib repository | |
|
|
|
|
| `--apt-src` | *enabled* | Enable source repositories | |
|
|
|
|
| `--apt-backports` | *enabled* | Enable backports repository | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-apt-non-free-firmware` | *use default* | Disable non-free firmware | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-apt-non-free` | *use default* | Disable non-free | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-apt-contrib` | *use default* | Disable contrib | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-apt-src` | *use default* | Disable source repositories | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-apt-backports` | *use default* | Disable backports | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Package Installation |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--install 'pkg1 pkg2'` | *minimal* | Additional packages (space-separated, quoted) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--install-recommends` | *enabled* | Install recommended packages | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-install-recommends` | *install recommends* | Skip recommended packages | |
|
|
|
|
| `--upgrade safe-upgrade` | `safe-upgrade` | Package upgrade mode | |
|
|
|
|
| `--safe-upgrade` | *default* | Safe package upgrades during install | |
|
|
|
|
| `--full-upgrade` | *safe upgrade* | Full system upgrade (`dist-upgrade`) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-upgrade` | *safe upgrade* | Skip package upgrades entirely | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Kernel Options |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--kernel PACKAGE` | `linux-image-ARCH` | Kernel package name | |
|
|
|
|
| `--cloud-kernel` | *standard* | Use cloud-optimized kernel | |
|
|
|
|
| `--bpo-kernel` | *stable* | Use newer kernel from backports | |
|
|
|
|
| `--firmware` | *auto-detect* | Include non-free firmware for hardware | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Advanced Options |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--ssh-port 2222` | `22` | Custom SSH port | |
|
|
|
|
| `--bbr` | *disabled* | Enable TCP BBR congestion control | |
|
|
|
|
| `--architecture amd64` | *auto-detect* | Target architecture: `amd64`, `arm64`, `i386`, etc. | |
|
|
|
|
| `--force-lowmem 1` | *auto* | Force low memory mode: `0`, `1`, `2` (for <512MB RAM) | |
|
|
|
|
| `--no-force-efi-extra-removable` | *enabled* | Disable EFI extra removable media path | |
|
|
|
|
| `--grub-timeout 5` | `5` | GRUB menu timeout in seconds | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Debian Installer Options |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--release-d-i` | *auto* | Use release version of debian-installer | |
|
|
|
|
| `--daily-d-i` | *auto* | Use daily build of debian-installer | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Cloud-Init Integration |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--cidata /path/to/dir` | *none* | Custom cloud-init data directory | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Cloud-Init Usage:** |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
# Create cloud-init configuration |
|
|
|
|
mkdir my-cloud-config |
|
|
|
|
echo "instance-id: my-server" > my-cloud-config/meta-data |
|
|
|
|
cat > my-cloud-config/user-data << 'EOF' |
|
|
|
|
#cloud-config |
|
|
|
|
hostname: my-server |
|
|
|
|
packages: |
|
|
|
|
- htop |
|
|
|
|
- git |
|
|
|
|
EOF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Use with installation |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --cidata my-cloud-config |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
curl -fLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bohanyang/debi/master/debi.sh |
|
|
|
|
### Development & Testing |
|
|
|
|
| Option | Default | Description | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|---------|-------------| |
|
|
|
|
| `--dry-run` | *execute* | Generate configuration without installing | |
|
|
|
|
| `--hold` | *reboot* | Don't reboot after installation | |
|
|
|
|
| `--power-off` | *reboot* | Power off instead of reboot | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
or wget: |
|
|
|
|
## Examples |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
wget -O debi.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bohanyang/debi/master/debi.sh |
|
|
|
|
### Oracle Cloud (Ubuntu → Debian) |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --cloudflare --user debian |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 2. Run |
|
|
|
|
### Google Cloud Platform |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
# GCP requires manual network (replace with your VPC settings) |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --ip 10.128.0.100/24 --gateway 10.128.0.1 |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run the script under root or using sudo: |
|
|
|
|
### Minimal Installation |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --no-install-recommends --install 'curl git vim' --no-upgrade |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
chmod a+rx debi.sh |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh |
|
|
|
|
### China Deployment |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --ustc --timezone Asia/Shanghai --dns '119.29.29.29' |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Network Console Installation |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
# Enable remote access during install (SSH keys for network, password still needed for VNC/sudo) |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --network-console --authorized-keys-url https://github.com/yourusername.keys |
|
|
|
|
# After reboot, SSH: ssh installer@YOUR_IP |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By default, an admin user `debian` with sudo privilege will be created during the installation. Use `--user root` if you prefer. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 3. Reboot |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If everything looks good, reboot the machine: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sudo shutdown -r now |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, you can run this command to revert all changes made by the script: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sudo rm -rf debi.sh /etc/default/grub.d/zz-debi.cfg /boot/debian-* && { sudo update-grub || sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg; } |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Available Options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Presets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Region | Alias | Mirror | DNS | NTP | |
|
|
|
|
|--------|----------------|--------------------------------------|------------|---------------------| |
|
|
|
|
| Global | Default | https://deb.debian.org | Google | time.google.com | |
|
|
|
|
| Global | `--cloudflare` | https://deb.debian.org | Cloudflare | time.cloudflare.com | |
|
|
|
|
| Global | `--aws` | https://cdn-aws.deb.debian.org | Google | time.aws.com | |
|
|
|
|
| China | `--ustc` | https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn | DNSPod | time.amazonaws.cn | |
|
|
|
|
| China | `--tuna` | https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn | DNSPod | time.amazonaws.cn | |
|
|
|
|
| China | `--aliyun` | https://mirrors.aliyun.com | AliDNS | time.amazonaws.cn | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `--interface <string>` Manually select a network interface, e.g. eth1 |
|
|
|
|
* `--ethx` Disable *Consistent Network Device Naming* to get interface names like *ethX* back |
|
|
|
|
* `--ip <string>` Disable the auto network config (DHCP) and configure a static IP address, e.g. `10.0.0.2`, `1.2.3.4/24`, `2001:2345:6789:abcd::ef/48` |
|
|
|
|
* `--static-ipv4` Disable the auto network config (DHCP) and configure with the current IPv4 address and gateway detected automatically |
|
|
|
|
* `--netmask <string>` e.g. `255.255.255.0`, `ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::` |
|
|
|
|
* `--gateway <string>` e.g. `10.0.0.1`, `none` if no gateway |
|
|
|
|
* `--dns '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4'` |
|
|
|
|
* `--dns6 '2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844'` (effective only if IPv6 is specified) |
|
|
|
|
* `--hostname <string>` FQDN hostname (includes the domain name), e.g. `server1.example.com` |
|
|
|
|
* `--network-console` Enable the network console of the installer. `ssh installer@ip` to connect |
|
|
|
|
* `--version 12` Supports: `10`, `11`, `12`, `13` |
|
|
|
|
* `--suite bullseye` **Please use `--version` instead if you don't have special needs.** e.g. `stable`, `testing`, `sid` |
|
|
|
|
* `--release-d-i` d-i (Debian Installer) for the released versions: 12 (bookworm), 11 (bullseye) and 10 (buster) |
|
|
|
|
* `--daily-d-i` Use latest daily build of d-i (Debian Installer) for the unreleased version: 13 (trixie), sid (unstable) |
|
|
|
|
* `--mirror-protocol http` or `https` or `ftp` |
|
|
|
|
* `--https` alias to `--mirror-protocol https` |
|
|
|
|
* `--reuse-proxy` Reuse the value of `http(s)_proxy` environment variable as the mirror proxy |
|
|
|
|
* `--proxy, --mirror-proxy` Set an HTTP proxy for APT and downloads |
|
|
|
|
* `--mirror-host deb.debian.org` |
|
|
|
|
* `--mirror-directory /debian` |
|
|
|
|
* `--security-repository http://security.debian.org/debian-security` Magic value: `'mirror' = <mirror-protocol>://<mirror-host>/<mirror-directory>/../debian-security` |
|
|
|
|
* `--no-account-setup, --no-user` **(Manual installation)** Proceed account setup manually in VNC or remote console. |
|
|
|
|
* `--username, --user debian` New user with `sudo` privilege or `root` |
|
|
|
|
* `--password <string>` Password of the new user. **You'll be prompted if you choose to not specify it here** |
|
|
|
|
* `--authorized-keys-url <string>` URL to your authorized keys for SSH authentication. e.g. `https://github.com/torvalds.keys` |
|
|
|
|
* `--sudo-with-password` Require password when the user invokes `sudo` command |
|
|
|
|
* `--timezone UTC` e.g. `Asia/Shanghai` for China (UTC+8) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List |
|
|
|
|
* `--ntp time.google.com` |
|
|
|
|
* `--no-disk-partitioning, --no-part` **(Manual installation)** Proceed disk partitioning manually in VNC or remote console |
|
|
|
|
* `--disk <string>` Manually select a disk for installation. **Please remember to specify this when more than one disk is available!** e.g. `/dev/sda` |
|
|
|
|
* `--no-force-gpt` By default, GPT rather than MBR partition table will be created. This option disables it. |
|
|
|
|
* `--bios` Don't create *EFI system partition*. If GPT is being used, create a *BIOS boot partition* (`bios_grub` partition). Default if `/sys/firmware/efi` is absent. [See](https://askubuntu.com/a/501360) |
|
|
|
|
* `--efi` Create an *EFI system partition*. Default if `/sys/firmware/efi` exists |
|
|
|
|
* `--esp 106` Size of the *EFI system partition*. e.g. `106`, `538` and `1075` result to 100 MiB, 512 MiB, 1 GiB respectively |
|
|
|
|
* `--filesystem ext4` |
|
|
|
|
* `--kernel <string>` Choose an package for the kernel image |
|
|
|
|
* `--cloud-kernel` Choose `linux-image-cloud-amd64` or `...arm64` as the kernel image |
|
|
|
|
* `--bpo-kernel` Choose the kernel image from Debian Backports (newer version from the next Debian release) |
|
|
|
|
* `--no-install-recommends` |
|
|
|
|
* `--apt-non-free-firmware`, `--apt-non-free`, `--apt-contrib`, `--apt-src`, `--apt-backports` |
|
|
|
|
* `--no-apt-non-free-firmware`, `--no-apt-non-free`, `--no-apt-contrib`, `--no-apt-src`, `--no-apt-backports` |
|
|
|
|
* `--install 'ca-certificates libpam-systemd'` Install additional APT packages. Space-separated and quoted. |
|
|
|
|
* `--safe-upgrade` **(Default)** `apt upgrade --with-new-pkgs`. [See](https://salsa.debian.org/installer-team/pkgsel/-/blob/master/debian/postinst) |
|
|
|
|
* `--full-upgrade` `apt dist-upgrade` |
|
|
|
|
* `--no-upgrade` |
|
|
|
|
* `--bbr` Enable TCP BBR congestion control |
|
|
|
|
* `--ssh-port <integer>` SSH port |
|
|
|
|
* `--hold` Don't reboot or power off after installation |
|
|
|
|
* `--power-off` Power off after installation rather than reboot |
|
|
|
|
* `--architecture <string>` e.g. `amd64`, `i386`, `arm64`, `armhf`, etc. |
|
|
|
|
* `--firmware` Load additional [non-free firmwares](https://wiki.debian.org/Firmware#Firmware_during_the_installation) |
|
|
|
|
* `--no-force-efi-extra-removable` [See](https://wiki.debian.org/UEFI#Force_grub-efi_installation_to_the_removable_media_path) |
|
|
|
|
* `--grub-timeout 5` How many seconds the GRUB menu shows before entering the installer |
|
|
|
|
* `--force-lowmem <integer>` Valid values: 0, 1, 2. Force [low memory level](https://salsa.debian.org/installer-team/lowmem). Useful if your machine has memory less than 500M where level 2 is set (see issue #45). `--force-lowmem 1` may solve it. |
|
|
|
|
* `--dry-run` Print generated preseed and GRUB entry without downloading the installer and actually saving them |
|
|
|
|
* `--cidata ./cidata-example` Custom data for cloud-init. **VM provider's data source will be IGNORED.** See example. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 中文说明 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
下载脚本： |
|
|
|
|
### Static Network with Cloud-Init |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --ip 192.168.1.100/24 --gateway 192.168.1.1 --cidata ./cloud-config/ |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Advanced Custom Configuration |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh \ |
|
|
|
|
--version 12 \ |
|
|
|
|
--user admin \ |
|
|
|
|
--timezone Europe/London \ |
|
|
|
|
--disk /dev/nvme0n1 \ |
|
|
|
|
--filesystem btrfs \ |
|
|
|
|
--cloud-kernel \ |
|
|
|
|
--bbr \ |
|
|
|
|
--ssh-port 2222 \ |
|
|
|
|
--install 'htop iotop ncdu' |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
curl -fLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bohanyang/debi/master/debi.sh && chmod a+rx debi.sh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Troubleshooting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Revert All Changes |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
# Remove all modifications and restore original GRUB |
|
|
|
|
sudo rm -rf /etc/default/grub.d/zz-debi.cfg /boot/debian-* |
|
|
|
|
sudo update-grub || sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
运行脚本： |
|
|
|
|
### Common Issues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Multiple disks detected:** |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
# List available disks |
|
|
|
|
lsblk |
|
|
|
|
# Specify target disk |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --disk /dev/sda |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --cdn --network-console --ethx --bbr --user root --password <新系统用户密码> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Low memory VPS (<512MB):** |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --force-lowmem 1 |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `--bbr` 开启 BBR |
|
|
|
|
* `--ethx` 网卡名称使用传统形式，如 `eth0` 而不是 `ens3` |
|
|
|
|
* `--cloud-kernel` 安装占用空间较小的 `cloud` 内核，但可能会导致 UEFI 启动的机器（如 Oracle、Azure 及 Hyper-V、Google Cloud 等）VNC 黑屏。BIOS 启动的普通 VPS 则没有此问题。 |
|
|
|
|
* 默认时区为 UTC，添加 `--timezone Asia/Shanghai` 可使用中国时区。 |
|
|
|
|
* 默认使用 Debian 官方 CDN 镜像源（deb.debian.org），添加 `--ustc` 可使用中科大镜像源。 |
|
|
|
|
**Network configuration fails:** |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
# Use current network settings |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --static-ipv4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果没有报错可以重启： |
|
|
|
|
# Or configure manually |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --ip YOUR_IP/CIDR --gateway YOUR_GATEWAY |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Need firmware for network card:** |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --firmware |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
sudo shutdown -r now |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Installation debugging:** |
|
|
|
|
```bash |
|
|
|
|
# Generate preseed file only |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --dry-run |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable network console for remote access (SSH keys for remote, password for VNC/sudo) |
|
|
|
|
sudo ./debi.sh --network-console --authorized-keys-url YOUR_KEYS_URL |
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
约 30 秒后可以尝试 SSH 登录 `installer` 用户，密码与之前设置的相同。如果成功连接，可以按 Ctrl-A 然后再按 4 监控安装日志。安装完成后会自动重启进入新系统。 |
|
|
|
|
## How It Works |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. **Downloads Debian installer** to `/boot/debian-$VERSION/` |
|
|
|
|
2. **Generates preseed file** with your configuration |
|
|
|
|
3. **Modifies GRUB configuration** (adds installer menu entry) |
|
|
|
|
4. **Injects configuration** into installer initramfs |
|
|
|
|
5. **Updates GRUB** to include new boot option |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Changes made to your system:** |
|
|
|
|
- Files added to `/boot/debian-*/` |
|
|
|
|
- GRUB configuration in `/etc/default/grub.d/zz-debi.cfg` |
|
|
|
|
- Updated GRUB menu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**These changes are safe and reversible** before reboot using the revert command above. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Created by [@bohanyang](https://github.com/bohanyang) • [Issues](https://github.com/bohanyang/debi/issues) • [GitHub](https://github.com/bohanyang/debi)* |
|
|
|
|
|
Brent Yang